How the alien and communication bodily, if Haptic Tech + Shark sensors,
and was thinking to “emerge humans” into their society (they can kidnap kids?) the purpose can be their way of prolonging Earth’s lifespan,
Sharks
SMELL –
Smell is incredibly important to sharks, demonstrated by the fact that up to 2/3rds of the total weight of their brain is used to process smells.
They’re super-sensitive to smells that are important to their survival, including scents produced by potential predators, prey or a mate. Some sharks can detect the blood of a prey item from a huge distance, responding to one part of blood to one million parts of water – the equivalent to one teaspoon in an average sized swimming pool.
TOUCH – Sharks have multiple nerve endings under their skin and some also have barbells around their mouth that can be used to probe the sand for prey.
They can also sense touch using their teeth, which contain numerous nerves that are pressure sensitive. Lacking hands to feel, sharks will use their teeth to try and identify an object – being inquisitive creatures this can cause a lot of problems, as a ‘test bite’ from a large shark can prove fatal to un-intended prey such as humans.
As well as direct touch, sharks also experience distant touch through the lateral line system.
The shark’s electrosensor are its Lorenzini ampoules. Only sharks or rays have them. They consist of the ampoule and a long canal filled with a jelly-like substance which ends in a pore
ELECTRORECPTION (ampullae of Lorenzini)
– Sharks have a complex electro-sensory system which relies on receptors positioned on the head and snout area. These unique receptors are located on the shark’s head are within special jelly-filled sensory organs called the ampullae of Lorenzini. These tiny pores are extremely sensitive and enable a shark to detect even the faintest of electrical fields, such as those generated by the Earth’s geomagnetic field or muscle contractions in prey.
Lorenzini ampoules
Animal prey can effectively hide or camouflage themselves, but they cannot conceal their electrical fields. The shark’s electrosensor are its Lorenzini ampoules. Only sharks or rays have them. They consist of the ampoule and a long canal filled with a jelly-like substance which ends in a pore
Only sharks or rays have them. They consist of the ampoule and a long canal filled with a jelly-like substance which ends in a pore. Since the electrical impulses of prey animals are very weak, the electrosensors only function within a range of several centimeters.
FUN FACT – Hammerhead sharks can locate prey that’s completely buried under the sand, making them experts at hunting stingrays.
The Earth’s geomagnetic field is thought to help sharks orientate themselves and navigate the world’s oceans, which may explain how they’re able to migrate such immense distances so accurately.
PRESSURE CHANGES (Lateral Line) – The lateral line alerts a shark to both potential prey and predators. It’s made up of a row of small pores that run all the way from the snout to the tail. Surrounding water flows through these pores and special sensory cells (neuromasts) sense any pressure differences.
The lateral line also gives a shark spatial awareness and the ability to navigate. Their own body movement creates waves that bounce off obstacles (such as reefs), enabling them to create a pressure map of their surroundings.
There is no human equivalent of this sense, because air is not dense enough to feel any pressure differences.
Rabbit burrows house many individual families. The pathways are interconnected and have multiple entrances/exits so that if a predator enters through one tunnel, the rabbits can leave through a different tunnel.
The tunnels lead to little pockets where each family lives and it seems that these pockets have multiple entrances and exits as well.
Pictured above: A metal cast of ant tunnels. The spaces bellow are store rooms. There are also waste rooms.
Different species of ants have very different tunnels.
The tunnels are designs to properly ventilate the complex and to provide the fastest transport.
moles are a classic digging animal. They too nest underground and also find food underground. The video explains that they dig with a lot of energy and because of this they need to eat a lot to sustain that.
What would a species of diggers be like if they didn’t have to constantly forage like moles?
Also, what if the species was not at risk of being prey like most digging animals are? What are the other species that live above ground?
Our alien should be somewhat safe from predators, maybe they have to avoid a few like how humans still have to be careful around bears and big cats and snakes etc. And I think the alien should have the ability to indulge in leisure. If they survive off kinetic energy, then perhaps they’ve developed a way to create a lot of kinetic energy or a way to store energy for longer so that they can go for longer without needed to replenish energy, and have more time to build stuff and create stuff and develop a culture in general.
Story timeline. Project flavour. (every member in group will contribute)
Anatomy (Rebeka) other-worldly-ways/solution to adapt to earth environment (Helen)
Sentient
As a Hive mind species, they live and work towards one goal, is to preserve their race, protect their “queen”, to do so they calculate the future with every moment they live, and every “decisions” to navigate the impact they will make on their survival.
Knowledge
How about they have a more foreseeing ideal, believe and value compare to humans, and that that ether decide to disagree with ours (since they are to prolong earth) so they decide to intervene our life, OR we’ve discovered them, we intervened their lifes.. ether way they would’ve predicted this before hand. But after that humans could then somehow disturbed the Alien’s practices and mess-up their so called “ageless future” plan.
Zoe
Chapter Two
Post-Anthropocentrism: Life beyond the Species
If we had a keen vision and feeling of all ordinary human life, it would be like hearing the grass grow and the squirrel’s heart beat, and we should die of that roar which lies on the other side of silence. As it is, the quickest of us walk around well wadded with stupidity. (55)
This passage, taken from Eliot’s Middlemarch, identifies a theme that informs much of Braidotti’s argument against anthropocentrism. Following Spinoza, she argues that the anthropocentric leanings of modern humanism that allow the development of urbanism and civilization function to keep humanity in isolation from the rest of the “raw cosmic energy” (55) of an absolute reality. Braidotti advocates a vital materialism that identifies the whole of the universe as one infinite and indivisible substance. Life is a property not of individual entities, but rather a property of the substance as a whole. This monistic understanding of the universe, argues Braidotti, is the foundation of a critical posthumanism that avoids traditional anthropocentric humanism, and allows for the development of a new understanding of the individual. She writes: “there is a direct connection between monism, the general unity of all matter and post-anthropocentrism as a general frame for reference for contemporary subjectivity” (57). The project of this chapter, then, is to provide an outline for what the post-anthropocentric subject would actually look like.
Braidotti offers another interpretation of Spinoza, influenced by the previous rereadings offered by Deleuze and Guattari: “[c]ontemporary monism implies a notion of vital and self-organizing matter, as we saw in the previous chapter, as well as a non-human definition of Life as zoe, or a dynamic and generative force” (86). That is, Spinoza does not call his infinite substance “God” because it is something to be worshiped; he calls it “God” because it is the vital and animating force of the entire universe. For this reason, a posthuman notion of subjectivity has less to do with flattening out all species to the organs of a planetary animal, and more to do with empathetic recognition of an inter-species goal of keeping the planet, as the only known habitable environment for all known iterations of zoe, alive.
Zoe is the “dynamic, self-organizing structure of life itself” (60)
“Islamic art developed from many sources: Roman, Early Christian art, and Byzantine styles were taken over in early Islamic art and architecture; the influence of the Sassanian art of pre-Islamic Persia was of paramount significance; Central Asian styles were brought in with various nomadic incursions; and Chinese influences had a formative effect on Islamic painting, pottery, and textiles.”[4]
There are repeating elements in Islamic art, such as the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as the arabesque. The arabesque in Islamic art is often used to symbolize the transcendent, indivisible and infinite nature of God.[9] Mistakes in repetitions may be intentionally introduced as a show of humility by artists who believe only God can produce perfection, although this theory is disputed.[10][11][12]
Within the Islamic context the key elements of flowing water, shade and exuberant foliage powerfully convey ideas of both spiritual and physical refreshment.
Calligraphy and Symbolism
Calligraphic design is omnipresent in Islamic art, where, as in Europe in the Middle Ages, religious exhortations, including Qur’anic verses, may be included in secular objects, and most painted miniatures include some script, as do many buildings. Two of the main scripts involved are the symbolic kufic and naskh scripts, which can be found adorning and enhancing the visual appeal of the walls and domes of buildings, the sides of minbars, and metalwork.[9] Islamic calligraphy in the form of painting or sculptures are sometimes referred to as quranic art.[16]
Detail of arabesque decoration at the Alhambra in Spain
Even the way their building’s structure carry deep believes and meanings that is embedded in their ancient culture religion and believes, “The number four contains a universal symbolism reflecting the order of the universe – the four cardinal directions and the four elements. Islam invested this ancient symbolism with a rigorous spiritual vision. The Ka’ba, literally ‘cube’, sums up this symbolism perfectly.”
So Braille characters displays at once on the watch”cells”, there are 6 active dot on each cells. “The device can be calibrated to display new characters at speeds ranging from a glacial 1 hertz to a breakneck 100 hertz… the device is based on haptic technology, which provides feedback or information in real time through touch.” The technology also displays messages.
Or haptics, is a tactile feedback technology which takes advantage of the sense of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user. A Technology that has the concept of communication through touch.
The temperature of the mantle varies greatly, from 1000° Celsius (1832° Fahrenheit) near its boundary with the crust, to 3700° Celsius (6692° Fahrenheit) near its boundary with the core.
Components of Earth’s earth – Mantle
The part of subteranean structure of Earth called Mesosphere which is located under the crust, the temperature of the mantle varies from 1000 degree celsius to 3700 degree celsius, which is near its boundary with the core. it is about 1,800 miles deep. Composed mostly of silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron. The Intense change of temperature changed by alien’s activity underground causes earthquakes and the rocks to rise. They then cool and sink back down to core. In our narrative this convectio is to be what causes the tectonic plates to move. When the mantle pushes through the crust, volcanoes erupt.
silicate (SIHL-luh-kayt): most common group of minerals, all of which include the elements silicon (Si) and oxygen (O). compound (KAHM-pownd): substance having at least two chemical elements held together with chemical bonds.
The rocks that make up Earth’s mantle are mostly silicates—a wide variety of compounds that share a silicon and oxygen structure. Common silicates found in the mantle include olivine, garnet, and pyroxene. The other major type of rock found in the mantle is magnesium oxide. Other mantle elements include iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium.
CONCEPT: if heat is what moves the earth part of Earth so was thinking what if our aliens are able to control the heat they produce in a more refined way to make architectures, maps and such underground.
They are commonly seen in Birds and Insects species, heres some evolution that can be recognised in the parasitic world of birds.
For example:
The creepy pattern on the roof of this young Purple Indigobird’s mouth looks exactly like the one in its host, the Jameson’s Firefinch.Photo:Claire SpottiswoodeSouthern Masked Weavers build nests that have specially sized entrances to ward off parasitic birds.Photo:Bernard DupontCommon Cuckoo chick ejects eggs/be-rid of of it’s host’s baby
CH Other Sub-Genres Soft Sci-Fi for example: anthropology, sociology, psychology.. Social science, topics that are considered to be less mechanical, bio, engineer related, “softer” Science Fiction. Anthropological Sci Fi The anthropologist Leon E. Stover says of science fiction’s relationship to anthropology: “Anthropological science fiction enjoys the philosophical luxury of providing answers to the question “What is […]
CH
Other Sub-Genres
Soft Sci-Fi
for example: anthropology, sociology, psychology.. Social science, topics that are considered to be less mechanical, bio, engineer related, “softer” Science Fiction.
Anthropological Sci Fi
The anthropologist Leon E. Stover says of science fiction’s relationship to anthropology: “Anthropological science fiction enjoys the philosophical luxury of providing answers to the question “What is man?” while anthropology the science is still learning how to frame it”, although this subgenera was warned to be too broad to have a single definition.
Lost Races, Utopian,
Speculative evolution
Speculative evolution, also called speculative biology and speculative zoology, is a genre of speculative fiction and an artistic movement, focused on hypothetical scenarios in the evolution of life. Works incorporating speculative evolution may have entirely conceptual species that evolve on a planet other than Earth, or they may be an alternate history focused on an alternate evolution of terrestrial life. With a strong connection to and basis in science, particularly biology, speculative evolution is often considered hard science fiction. Speculative biology and creature concepts are also a prevalent subject in concept art.
Basis in biology and palaeontology, King Kong:Skull island
In the novel Evolution by Stephen Baxter, some chapters are dedicated to the description of futuristic animals, including the posthumans. In various chapters of the book we see elements of speculative evolution. These are intelligent Ornitholestes dinosaurs, Cenozoic dinosaurs and other primitive inhabitants of Antarctica, futuristic descendants of pigs, goats, rats, rabbits and humans, and symbiosis between barometz tree and posthumans of New Pangea 500 MY in the future.
Cloverfield (2008) centered around a giant semiaquatic monster, Clover. The central monster was designed with its habitat (the deep ocean) in mind, and its traits, except for its size, were inspired by biological plausibility.[15]
The 2009 film Avatar constructed a fictional biosphere full of original, speculative alien species. James Cameron hired a team of experts to ensure that the lifeforms were scientifically plausible.[16][17] The creatures of the movie took inspiration from Earth species as diverse as pterosaurs, microraptors, great white sharks, and panthers, and combined their traits to create an alien world.[18]
Speculative biology and the future evolution of the human species has also become a significant issue in bio art.
The Cartographer Wasps and the Anarchist Bees by E.Lily Yu
This is one of those great stories that works both as a metaphor (for colonialism, for what happens when one nation makes another a “client state”) but also as a straight-up piece of speculative biology — a group of wasps conquer a group of bees, and some of the highly educated wasps think that they can take some of the bee offspring and turn them into scholars. But the bee colony also has to work way harder to service the wasps’ needs as well as its own. And this arrangement has vastly unpredictable results, for both sides. There are huge lessons for human societies here, but also something irreduceably alien.
The Cartographer Wasps and the Anarchist Bees by E.Lily Yu
Metaphor for colonialism, for what happens when a nation makes another a client state.
!!Group Work Key things!!
Key topics to research in depth; Group assigned tasks
and etc Eurasian reed warbler raising a common cuckoo bird.
Avian brood parasites are specialists which parasitize only a single host species or a small group of closely related host species.The mechanisms of host selection by female cuckoos are somewhat unclear, though several hypotheses have been suggested in attempt to explain the choice. These include genetic inheritance of host preference, host imprinting on young birds, returning to place of birth and subsequently choosing a host randomly (“natal philopatry”), choice based on preferred nest site (nest-site hypothesis), and choice based on preferred habitat (habitat-selection hypothesis). Of these hypotheses the nest-site selection and habitat selection have been most supported by experimental analysis.
Adaptations for parasitism
Among specialist avian brood parasites, mimetic eggs are a nearly universal adaptation. There is even some evidence that the generalist brown-headed cowbird may have evolved an egg coloration mimicking a number of their hosts.
“Mafia hypothesis”
There is a question as to why the majority of the hosts of brood parasites care for the nestlings of their parasites. Not only do these brood parasites usually differ significantly in size and appearance, but it is also highly probable that they reduce the reproductive success of their hosts. The “mafia hypothesis” evolved through studies in an attempt to answer this question. This hypothesis revolves around host manipulations induced by behaviors of the brood parasite. Upon the detection and rejection of a brood parasite’s egg, the host’s nest is depredated upon, its nest destroyed and nestlings injured or killed. This threatening response indirectly enhances selective pressures favoring aggressive parasite behavior that may result in positive feedback between mafia-like parasites and compliant host behaviours
Eco-fiction: which is basically any form of story that is about the environment, all there is is that the story is told from a perspective other then a human perspective, about how the environment being intrinsically connected to the creature (pray mantis). So it could be a Sci-Fi narrative; alien the specie living in space that’s kind of colonised by something ells (Avatar). Most Sci-Fi eco fiction narratives.
If issue is: people don’t have enough time to stop, rest, and regenerate.
Research: the mechanics of what impact this issue is, aline with some sort of context:
e.g. disconnection with nature, nature deficit disorder
DEFINE THE ISSUE
the issue is Not the outcome (etc obiesity), find the problem (what has changed in the world we lived in in last 20 years? nature deficit disorder, the underlining issue. And anxiety issues).
Eco-fiction is ecologically oriented fiction, which may be nature-oriented (non-human oriented) or environment-oriented (human impacts on nature).
The nonhuman environment is present not merely as a framing device but as a presence that begins to suggest that human history is implicated in natural history.
The human history is not understood to be the only legitimate interest.
Human accountability to the environment is part of the text’s ethical orientation.
Some sense of the environment as a process rather than as a constant or a given is at least implicit in the text. (1995, 6)
“The terms ‘environmental fiction,’ ‘green fiction,’ and ‘nature-oriented fiction,’ might better be considered as categories of ecofiction….[Ecofiction] deals with environmental issues or the relation between humanity and the physical environment, that contrasts traditional and industrial cosmologies, or in which nature or the land has a prominent role…[It is] made up of many styles, primarily modernism, postmodernism, realism, and magical realism, and can be found in many genres, primarily mainstream, westerns, mystery, romance, and speculative fiction. Speculative fiction includes science fiction and fantasy, sometimes mixed with realism, as in the work of Ursula K. Le Guin.” -Jim Dwyer [Ibid. Chapter 2.]
Climate Change Fiction
The branch of human-caused climate change in eco-fiction has grown considerably since it began in the 1970s. Dwyer called climate change novels cautionary or disaster fiction. These days, a multitude of newer terms have attempted to wrap their arms around the hyperobject that is anthropogenic global warming (AGW), or what one might call the biggest eco-crisis of our times, perhaps what all other prior concerns in eco-writings have led to, built upon, and culminated in. Such specific genres include Anthropocene, climate, enviro-horror, afrofuturism, green, nature-oriented, eco-futurism, eco-punk, biopunk, environmental science, environmental, and ecological/new weird fictions, to name a few–and these do not always relate just to just climate change but to a broader ecological and eco/socio system. A hyperobject, according to Timothy Morton, explains objects so massively distributed in time and space as to transcend localization, such as climate change.
Parasitism is one of 3 major Symbiotic relationship, the other 2 are Mutualism, Commensalism, though they do grade into each other.
Mutualism
Other corporations in organisms
When leafcutter ants “farm” fungi inside their nests to consume as food, the fungus gains housing and protection by their notoriously security-conscious hosts.
Reproduction for a female fig wasp can be a nightmarish process. When she is ready to lay her eggs, she leaves the fig in which she was born and became pregnant and searches for another. After she finds it, she enters it by squeezing through a narrow opening built for that exact purpose, often ripping off her wings and antennae in a violent act of motherly devotion.
Once inside the seed-filled chamber, two important things happen. The female wasp fulfils her biological imperative by laying her eggs. But in doing so, she also delivers pollen brought from her natal fig, which is the only way the host fig can be fertilised. After this transaction, the wasp dies while the fig goes on to develop.
When a Hawaiian bobtail squid feeds sugars and amino acids to the bioluminescent bacteria residing in their light organ, it gains camouflage from the light the bacteria emit to counter-illuminate; camoflash as the moon light. Many species of bacteria uses Quorum Sensing to coordinate their behaviour.
though these grade into each other, and it is often difficult to tell which is involved in a given relationship. In mutualism, both organisms benefit. In commensalism, one benefits and the other is unaffected; in parasitism, one benefits and the other is harmed.
Some of these relationships are so close that we speak of the composite of two species as one unit; for example, we speak of the composite of algae and fungi as lichens.
The unique relationship of Goby Fish & Pistol Shrimp.
Commensalism
an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.
A parasitic relationship is one in which one organism, the parasite, lives off of another organism, the host, harming it and possibly causing death. The parasite lives on or in the body of the host.
Although parasites harm their hosts, it is in the parasite’s best interest not to kill the host, because it relies on the host alive and capable of provide what parasites lack to live (e.g. relying on host’s body and body functions; digestion, blood circulation).
Reminds me of Movie Alien (bit of a Parasite move)
Some parasitic animals attack plants. Aphids are insects that eat the sap from the plants on which they live. Parasitic plants and fungi can attack animals. A fungus causes lumpy jaw, a disease that injures the jaws of cattle and hogs. There are also parasitic plants and fungi that attack other plants and fungi. A parasitic fungus causes wheat rust and the downy mildew fungus attacks fruit and vegetables.
Some scientists say that one-celled bacteria and viruses that live in animals and harm them, such as those that cause the common cold, are parasites as well. However, they are still considered different from other parasites. Many types of parasites carry and transmit disease. Lyme disease is trasmitted by deer ticks.
A parasite and its host evolve together. The parasite adapts to its environment by living in and using the host in ways that harm it. Hosts also develop ways of getting rid of or protecting themselves from parasites. For example, they can scratch away ticks.
Some hosts also build a symbiotic relationship with another organism that helps to get rid of the parasite. Ladybugs live on plants, eating the aphids and benefiting by getting food, while the plant benefits by being rid of the aphids.
and etc Eurasian reed warbler raising a common cuckoo bird.
Avian brood parasites are specialists which parasitize only a single host species or a small group of closely related host species.The mechanisms of host selection by female cuckoos are somewhat unclear, though several hypotheses have been suggested in attempt to explain the choice. These include genetic inheritance of host preference, host imprinting on young birds, returning to place of birth and subsequently choosing a host randomly (“natal philopatry”), choice based on preferred nest site (nest-site hypothesis), and choice based on preferred habitat (habitat-selection hypothesis). Of these hypotheses the nest-site selection and habitat selection have been most supported by experimental analysis.
Adaptations for parasitism
Among specialist avian brood parasites, mimetic eggs are a nearly universal adaptation. There is even some evidence that the generalist brown-headed cowbird may have evolved an egg coloration mimicking a number of their hosts.
And Parasitism also links to Mimicry – Helen’s Research
Colonialism is a policy or practice of acquiring full or practice control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
Visualised Nigeria effected by Colonialism
French British Colonialism
Queen Elizabeth inspects the Second Battalion the King’s African Rifles
Free Tibet western supporters
There have been too much repetition of colonialism though out global history till the present day. They come in various scales, even with in one culture.
It means any state that is subordinate to another. The vassal in these cases is the ruler, rather than the state itself. Being a vassal most commonly implies providing military assistance to the dominant state when requested to do so; it sometimes implies paying tribute, but a state which does so is better described as a tributary state. In simpler terms the vassal state would have to provide military powerto the dominant state. Today, more common terms are puppet state, protectorate or associated state.
Puppet State
A metaphor of a state that is supposedly independent but is in fact dependent upon an outside power.
It is nominally sovereign but effectively controlled by a foreign or otherwise alien power, for reasons such as financial interests.
A puppet state preserves the external paraphernalia of independence like a name, flag, anthem, constitution, law codes and moto but in reality is an organ of another state which created or sponsored the government. Puppet states are not recognised as legitimate under international law.
The term is a metaphor which compares a state or government to a puppet controlled by an outside puppeteer using strings. The first recorded use of the term “puppet government” is from 1884, in reference to the Khedivate of Egypt.
Soft Sci-Fi
for example: anthropology, sociology, psychology.. Social science, topics that are considered to be less mechanical, bio, engineer related, “softer” Science Fiction.
Anthropological Sci Fi
The anthropologist Leon E. Stover says of science fiction’s relationship to anthropology: “Anthropological science fiction enjoys the philosophical luxury of providing answers to the question “What is man?” while anthropology the science is still learning how to frame it”, although this subgenera was warned to be too broad to have a single definition.
Lost Races, Utopian,
Speculative evolution Speculative evolution, also called speculative biology and speculative zoology, is a genre of speculative fiction and an artistic movement, focused on hypothetical scenarios in the evolution of life. Works incorporating speculative evolution may have entirely conceptual species that evolve on a planet other than Earth, or they may be an alternate history focused on an alternate evolution of terrestrial life. With a strong connection to and basis in science, particularly biology, speculative evolution is often considered hard science fiction. Speculative biology and creature concepts are also a prevalent subject in concept art.
Basis in biology and palaeontology, King Kong:Skull island
In the novel Evolution by Stephen Baxter, some chapters are dedicated to the description of futuristic animals, including the posthumans. In various chapters of the book we see elements of speculative evolution. These are intelligent Ornitholestes dinosaurs, Cenozoic dinosaurs and other primitive inhabitants of Antarctica, futuristic descendants of pigs, goats, rats, rabbits and humans, and symbiosis between barometz tree and posthumans of New Pangea 500 MY in the future.
Cloverfield (2008) centered around a giant semiaquatic monster, Clover. The central monster was designed with its habitat (the deep ocean) in mind, and its traits, except for its size, were inspired by biological plausibility.[15]
The 2009 film Avatar constructed a fictional biosphere full of original, speculative alien species. James Cameron hired a team of experts to ensure that the lifeforms were scientifically plausible.[16][17] The creatures of the movie took inspiration from Earth species as diverse as pterosaurs, microraptors, great white sharks, and panthers, and combined their traits to create an alien world.[18]
Speculative biology and the future evolution of the human species has also become a significant issue in bio art.
If we take ants and a human being for example, we can sympathise the kinds of situation if AI does surpass us, “if ants attempt to control a single person, it’s just not believe-able”(but this is form a moral point of view so to speak). Like humans destroying our environment, “animals simply lack the intelligence to understand”, we might “lack the intelligence to keep up”.